Cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm muaj kev thaij duab - uas yog, lawv tuaj yeem siv dej, inorganic salts thiab carbon dioxide rau photosynthesis, tso pa oxygen, thiab tsim cov khoom qabzib - cov khoom uas nplua nuj nyob hauv lub zog rau kev siv cov nroj tsuag.
Lub chlorophyll ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj magnesium.
Cog hlwb muaj cov phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa thiab nuclei, thiab lawv cov phab ntsa xovtooj yog tsim los ntawm cov kabmob glucose-cellulose. Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag 'aub yawg tsis muaj kev ntseeg, thiab lawv tau nqos cov duab thaij duab, uas tsim cov kev sib raug zoo: cov duab kabmob uas nyob hauv cog hlwb (qhov kev sib txuas simogenous symbiosis). Thaum kawg, tus kab mob yog hloov mus ua ib qho chloroplast, uas yog ib pawg kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv txhua nroj tsuag tab sis tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej. Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag mus rau lub Angiosperm rooj vag, yog flowering nroj tsuag, uas tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo. Qhov nchuav ntawm cov nroj tsuag mas yog nyob rau hauv mitochondria ntawm hlwb, thiab photosynthesis yog nqa tawm hauv chloroplast ntawm hlwb. [7] Cov duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntsuab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb, cov txheej txheem loj tshaj plaws yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov synthesis ntawm cov organic compounds, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hnub ci zog thiab kev kho ntawm huab cua, kev tswj cov pa oxygen cov ntsiab lus hauv cov cua thiab qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm cov voj voog, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev xav thiab xyaum.
Raws li cov lus teb, lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag ntsuab tuaj yeem tsim tau li ntawm 400 plhom tons ntawm protein, carbohydrates thiab nqaijrog ib hnub, thaum tseem tso ze li ntawm 500 plhom tons ntawm oxygen rau hauv cov pa, muab zaub mov txaus thiab cov pa rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Nplooj no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab photosththesis, thiab chloroplast yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus kabmob (photosynthesis). Cov chloroplast pigments hauv cov nroj tsuag siab muaj xws li chlorophyll (A thiab B) thiab carotenoids (carotene thiab lutein), uas tau muab faib rau cov duab xiam. Qhov nqus thiab fluorescence ntawm chlorophyll qhia tias nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau lub zog lub zog thiab raug tsim los ntawm tshav ntuj.
Lub biosynthesis ntawm chlorophyll yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm illumination, uas yog tus los ntawm lub teeb, kub, khoom noj khoom haus mineral, dej thiab oxygen. Photosynthesis muaj ob ntu ntawm cov teeb meem kev sib tw thiab photosynthetic carbon assimilation, nrog rau ob theem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab electronics hloov thiab photosynthetic phosphorylation, uas cov qub absorbs, sib kis thiab hloov cov teeb ci hauv hluav taws xob, Lub tom kawg hloov cov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob hauv ATP thiab NADPH2 (collectively known as assimilation), ob lub zog ua ub ua no. Cov kev hloov ntawm cov tshuaj ua kom lub zog mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob ruaj khov yog ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qia roj. Cov tshuaj carbon monoxide muaj C3, C4 thiab Cam peb txoj hauv kev, raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qis qis, qhov cog ua rau C3 cov nroj tsuag, C4 cov nroj tsuag thiab cov nroj tsuag cam. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kab C3 yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj assimilation hauv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, thiab nws cov immobilized CO2 enzymes yog rubp-carboxymethyl enzymes. C4 mus kom ze thiab cam mus kom ze yog qhov sib txawv ntawm CO2 tas, thiab thaum kawg hauv lub cev cog lus dua los tso CO2, koom hauv C3 txoj kab tawm ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. C4 txoj kab thiab cov kab xoo kab mob CO2 cov paug yog pep, nws affinity rau CO2 ntau dua RUBP-carboxymethyl enzyme, C4 Way plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm CO2 cov twj; Cam kab ntsig yog pom tau los ntawm qhov qhib lub qhov ncauj qhuav, kev nqus thiab kev ua kom lub cev CO2 tsim ntawm malic acid, diurnal stomatal closure, Siv lub CO2 tso tawm los ntawm nightly malic acid decarboxylase, qab zib tau tsim los ntawm C3 txoj kab.
Qhov no yog qhov kev hloov tshiab uas tau tsim rau lub sij hawm ntev evolutionary txheej txheem. Lub teeb ua pa yog cov txheej txheem uas lub hlwb ntsuab absorb O2 tso CO2, thiab cov substrate yog ethanol acid ua los ntawm RUBP ntawm C3 txoj kab. Tag nrho txoj kev ntawm ethanol acid tau tshwm sim nyob hauv chloroplast, peroxide thiab mitochondria.
C3 cov nroj tsuag muaj lub teeb pom kev, thiab C4 cog teeb ci ua pa tsis yog pom tseeb. Cov duab photosynthetic hloov nrog cov tsiaj cog, lub sij hawm loj hlob thiab cov duab photosynthetic tsub zuj zuj, thiab tseem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tej yam mob xws li lub teeb taws, CO2, kub, noo, ntxhia lub ntsiab lus, thiab O2. Cov teebmeem ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb ntawm photosynthesis tsis raug cais, tab sis yog sib txuas thiab ua ke.
Tsis pub dhau ib tug ntau yam, qhov ntau haum qhov tej yam kev mob, qhov sai dua photosynthetic tus nqi. Tsob nroj zog ua haujlwm tseem tsawg heev. Cov qoob loo qoob loo yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov theoretical qhov tseem ceeb, yog li ntawd muaj ntau lub peev xwm rau kev tsim kho. Los txhim kho txoj kev siv zog ntawm lub teeb zog, peb yuav tsum txo lub zog poob los ntawm leaky thiab txhim kho qhov hloov dua tshiab ntawm hnub ci zog, feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov kev thaj tsam duab, qhov ntev ntawm cov duab duab, ntxiv cov duab zoo nkauj, nce qhov kev tawm ntawm cov nyiaj txiag thiab txo cov tau ntawm photosynthetic khoom.
Kev txhim kho cov duab thaij duab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho qoob loo.
